产业集聚间分工和地区竞争优势——来自长三角微观数据的实证

Division Among Industry Agglomeration and Regional Competitive Advantages A Survev on Yangtze-River Delta at Micro-Level

产业集聚间分工是区域竞争优势的主要源泉。本文基于长三角地级市企业数据,在产业和空间两个层面上用E-G指数测算了长三角二位数产业的集聚程度、三位数产业集聚间的分工状态以及与此相关的区域溢出效应,从中揭示了产业集聚间分工对整合离散的产业集聚,形成长三角地区竞争优势的内在机理。研究结果显示,产业集聚间的分工通过三个步骤"锁定"地区竞争优势:①产业集聚内企业的跨区域发展使价值链在空间上的分布趋于离散化,进而导致次级产业集聚间分工的形成,并产生了产业间的溢出效应;②随着分工的深化和趋于稳定,地区专业化水平进一步获得提升;③在区域溢出效应的作用下,原有产业集聚被锁定在区域溢出效应明显的区域,形成广域的产业集聚。以上过程的累积循环形成了该地区的竞争优势。

Industry agglomeration is the competitive advantage of one region, which can not be copied by others, but how it happened is seldom issued. In this paper, based on the data of enterprises from cities in Yangtze-river delta, we analyze how industry agglomeration induces regional competitive advantage in both industrial and regional view. Using E-G index, we estimate to what extend industries in Yangtze-river delta agglomerate, at what level the regional division among sub-industries happens; then, we measure the spill-over among regions to obverse how enterprises make location decision, as well, to make the mechanism of forming regional competiti＇/e advantage clear. The result shows, there are three steps make industry agglomeration lock-in a region＇s competitive advantage. First, in high-level agglomeration, regional division among different industry agglomeration appears, which is brought by firms＇ spanning-region. Then, along with the regional division deepening and becoming stable, the industry agglomeration radiates its power, intensifies self-accelerated agglomeration and wins larger space of development. Finally, the accumulation cycle of such relations has been formed, resulting in the regional competitive advantage of agglomeration mutually triggered.