城市湿地保护与修复研究进展

Research Progress in Protection and Restoration of Urban Wetlands

城市湿地作为城市中一个特殊的生态系统,具有重要的生态环境和社会服务功能。城市湿地为实现城市可持续发展提供重要的水资源和生态环境保障,合理开发和利用湿地资源是城市可持续发展的重要前提。但是,随着城市化进程加快,城市湿地保护问题日益突出,一些不合理的湿地开发行为导致城市湿地面积减少、污染严重和湿地功能退化,削弱了湿地的生态效益和社会效益,城市湿地的保护与合理利用日益受到国际社会的重视。从城市湿地的功能出发,分析了城市湿地保护与修复中面临的主要问题,综述了国内外城市湿地修复的物理、化学和生物等相关技术研究进展,研究了国内外对于城市湿地保护的一些成功经验,并展望了城市湿地保护与修复研究趋势和方向。最后,结合我国城市湿地保护与修复现状,提出了我国城市湿地保护的对策与建议,为促进城市湿地生态系统的良性循环,推动整体湿地保护更好发展提供借鉴和参考。

As a special ecosystem in the city, urban wetlands play an important part both in ecological environment and social services. Urban wetlands can offer the important water resources and ecological environment protection for a city＇s sustainable development, and the rational development and use of wetland resources is a prerequisite to ensure the sustainable development of a city. However, with the development of urbanization, urban wetland protection has become an increasingly important issue, and some irrational behaviors in urban wetlands＇ exploitation resulted in wetland resources decrease, degradation of wetland function, serious pollution and other eco-environmental problems. More and more attention has been paid to urban wetlands protection and their rational use of the international community. Under the intense human disturbance, the ecological services deteriorated and eutrophication was serious, and the urban wetland area of the world is reducing. Thus, the main problems of urban wetlands were analyzed on the basis of urban wetland function. Moreover, the technologies related to wetlands protection and restoration were analyzed synthetically, and the progress of urban wetlands studies in the world were summarized. Furthermore, future research directions of urban wetland protection and restoration were also outlined. Finally, the strategies for urban wetland protection in China were put forward, and some important issues about the study and protection of China＇s urban wetlands were discussed. The studies would be of positive significance to the development of urban wetland science and the whole wetland science.