全球生物乙醇发展现状、可能影响与我国的对策分析

Bio-ethanol Development:Current status,Potential Impacts and Policy Suggestions for China

近年来,全球各国出于加强能源安全、减少温室气体排放和促进农业发展等多方面的考虑,积极鼓励生物液体燃料发展。随着生物乙醇发展规模的迅速扩大,其发展对农产品价格、粮食安全与环境等方面的影响开始凸显,并引起了各国政府和学术界的广泛关注。本文以全球生物乙醇发展为考察对象,在分析全球主要国家生物乙醇发展现状、目标与激励政策以及生物乙醇生产主要原料与技术现状的基础上,重点探讨了生物乙醇发展对农产品价格与环境等方面的可能影响,并提出了为应对生物乙醇发展可能造成的负面影响,我国应采取的政策措施。

The global development of bio-ethanol has been accelerating in the last few years due to the concerns for energy security,greenhouse gas emission,and rural development.However,with the expansion of first generation bio-ethanol（grain based）,its impacts on food price,food security and environment start to loom larger,and has been drawing many debates.This paper reviewed the current development of bio-ethanol,targets,and incentive policies in major bio-ethanol production countries.Based on the current feedstock demand and processing technologies of bio-ethanol,the paper analyzed its potential impacts on agricultural prices and environment.With the expectation that the global bio-ethanol production will still continue in the next following years and bring pressure for agricultural prices,we discussed the policies that China＇s government should adopt to meet the challenges of bio-ethanol development.