云南省19县市小兽体表蚤类群落相似性及协同进化研究

INVESTIGATION ON SIMILARITY AND COEVOLUTION OF FLEA COMMUNITIES ON SMALL MAMMALS OF 19 COUNTIES IN YUNNAN, CHINA

了解云南19县市小兽体表蚤类的群落相似性,并对蚤类与其宿主间的协同进化关系进行初步研究。资料来源于1997～2004年8年间对云南省19个县（市）的现场抽样调查,定义每种小兽宿主体表寄生的全部蚤类昆虫为一个群落单位。运用SPSS13.0软件完成10种小兽群落相似性比较。本次研究中共捕获到10856只小兽,其中10种优势小兽所占的比例是85.32%。从所有小兽体表共采获蚤类9532只,分隶于5科、22属、39种。聚类分析结果显示,小兽体表蚤类群落物种多样性比较高。隶属于同一属的部分小兽,其体表蚤类群落相似程度较高,在系统聚类分析中聚为一类,但大多数蚤类群落相似性大小与相应小兽宿主在动物分类上的近缘性没有必然的关系,而明显受到宿主动物所处生态环境的影响。小兽体表蚤类群落明显受着小兽宿主所处生境的影响,蚤类昆虫与小兽宿主之间虽然存在一定的协同进化关系,但协同程度比较低。

To investigate the similarity and coevolution of flea communities on small mammals of 19 counties in Yunnan Province, China, the field investigation was done in 19 counties of Yunnan Province, China, from 1997 to 2004. All the flea species on the body surface of a certain species of small mammal are regarded as a community. The similarity of ectoparasitic flea communities on 10 species of small mammals was studied. Based on hierarchical clustering analysis, a similarity comparison of 10 flea communities was conducted with SPSS13.0 software. 10 856 small mammals were captured in this paper. There were l0 dominant small mammals, which accounts for 85.32% of the total. A total of 9 532 fleas were collected from the small mammal hosts and were identified into 5 families, 22 genera and 39 species. The results revealed the flea communities in Yunnan Provice had relatively high species diversity in comparison with other provinces in China. Some flea communities on the same genera of small mammals showed a relatively high similarity and are classified into the same cluster group. The clustering tendency of most flea communities, however, was not in accordance with the taxonomic position of the corresponding small mammals on which the fleas exist. The structure and similarity of flea communities are prominently influenced by the habitats where the host small mammals exist. The results suggest that the community structure of ectoparasitic fleas is remarkably influenced by the hosts＇ habitats apart from the taxonomic position of the hosts. The coevolution between fleas and their corresponding hosts has not reached a very high level.