地球J_2摄动下卫星编队飞行自主相对定轨研究

Autonomous Relative Orbit Determination for Satellite Formation Flying under J_2 Perturbation of Earth

卫星编队飞行自主相对定轨作为实现编队队形保持和控制的前提,是编队任务必须解决的关键技术之一。设计了一种应用于卫星编队的自主相对轨道确定方案,不同于目前广泛采用的C-W方程,采用了包含摄动影响的相对运动方程的解析表达式描述编队飞行,使得模型的精度有了很大提高。利用星间距离信息和方位信息作为观测量,设计扩展卡尔曼滤波器实现环绕星相对轨道的自主确定,仿真结果表明使用本方案得到的定轨精度比采用C-W方程提高一个数量级,验证了这种导航方案的有效性,为实现编队飞行卫星高精度自主相对定轨提供了一个有效的方案。

As the precondition of formation maintenance and control, the autonomous relative orbit determination is one of the key technologies of formation flying. An efficient approach for autonomous relative orbit determination of satellite formation flying is developed. Instead of using the commonly - used C - W equation, the formation flying is described in terms of analytic form of relative motion equation including earth perturbation. The model precision is improved largely. Inter - satellite distance measurement as well as orientation measurement are chosen as observation information, and the relative orbit states estimation is achieved through an Extended Kalman filter design. A numerical simulation illustrates that the precision is one order of magnitude higher than using C - W equation, and so this orbit determination method is validated. An efficient approach for high precision autonomous relative orbit determination of satellite formation flying is provided.