压缩天然气钢瓶爆炸事故分析

AN ANALYSIS OF EXPLOSION ACCIDENTS OF COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS STEEL CYLINDERS

采用压缩天然气（ＣＮＧ）作为汽车燃料，是一种经济而有效的节能和环保措施，在国内外得到迅速推广应用。四川有丰富的天然气资源，是推广ＣＮＧ汽车很有利的地区。四川省从１９９２年开始正式改装ＣＮＧ汽车，在汽车上安装钢质ＣＮＧ储气瓶。改装的ＣＮＧ汽车投运后，充分显示出其在经济、节能和环保方面的优越性，及较好的发展前景。随着ＣＮＧ加气站数量的增多，改车规模也越来越大，发展形势很好。但是，从１９９４年９月至１９９６年６月的两年间，先后发生了６起７只ＣＮＧ储气钢瓶（包括站用瓶和车用瓶）爆破事故，产生了很大的负面效应。找出爆瓶原因并采取有效措施以防止爆瓶事故再次发生，已成为发展ＣＮＧ汽车亟待解决的问题。详细介绍了爆瓶情况、爆破气瓶材料的化学成分分析结果以及力学性能测试结果，最后进行了爆瓶事故分析，提出了钢质ＣＮＧ储气瓶材质和热处理方面的要求。

It is an economic and efficient measure of the energy saving and environmental protection to take the compressed natural gas (CNG) as the vehicle fuel,being rapidly popularized and applied at home and abroad.The Sichuan Province is a quite favourable region for popularizing CNG vehicles,because of rich natural gas resources and the advantageous and distinctive conditions.In Sichuan,the formally refitting of CNG vehicles began in 1992,a CNG steel cylinder being installed on the vehicle.After the refitted CNG vehicles were put into operation,their superiorities in the economics,energy saving and environmental protection have been fully revealed,their development prospects being quite good.Along with the increase of quantity of the CNG filling stations,the vehicle refitting scale is getting larger and larger,its development situation being very good.However,within about two years from September 1994 to June 1996,there had been six explosion accidents caused by seven CNG storage steel cylinders including station cylinders and vehicle cylinders,producing great harmful effects.It is a problem urgently awaiting solution at present for developing CNG vehicles to find out the reasons of causing the cylinder explosion and to adopt certain efficient measures to prevent the cylinder explosion accident to happen again.In this paper,the cylinder explosion situation and the chemical composition analysis and mechanical property test results of the exploded cylinder material are indroduced,and the explosion accident analysis is carried out and the demands for the material quality and heat treatment of the CNG storage steel cylinder are proposed at last.