鸭绿江口滨海湿地景观格局动态演变分析

Dynamic Evolvement of Seaside Wetland Landscape Pattern around the Yalujiang River Delta

在遥感和地理信息系统的支持下,对1989和2000年两个时期的卫星影像进行分析,得到鸭绿江口湿地类型的转化数据,运用马尔科夫过程模拟湿地景观格局的动态演变情况,定量分析演变特点。结果表明,1989-2000年研究区内湿地中的芦苇和水田分别减少2 241.54 hm2和1 136.07 hm2,而水库坑塘和虾田分别增加225.99 hm2和1 425.15 hm2。此外,建设用地的面积增加了2 806.38 hm2。受城市扩张影响和经济利益驱动,芦苇和水田被大量开发成了建设用地和虾田。预测结果显示,湿地类型中的浅海、河流、芦苇、水田面积逐年减少,而滩涂、虾田、水库坑塘面积逐年增加;非湿地中除了建设用地面积逐年增加外,其它类型的面积都在逐年减少。到2050年浅海将达到2.49%,滩涂15.06%,河流1.39%,芦苇1.21%,水库坑塘1.15%,虾田11.68%,水田36.44%,林地2.57%,建设用地15.59%,其它非湿地12.42%。这预示着人为干扰是鸭绿江口湿地景观变化的主导因素。

Based on the technology of RS and GIS, the remote sensing images for 1989 and 2000 are used to quantitatively analyze the dynamic evolvement of wetland landscape pattern around the Yalujiang River Delta. The transition probability matrices at two primary states are established. Then, the dynamic evolvement of wetland landscape patterns are simulated with Markov process. The study results show that from 1989 to 2000, the reed and paddy field among the wetland types decreased by 2 241.54 hm^2and 1 136. 07 hm^2, respectively, but the reservoir pond and shrimp field increases by 225, 99 hm^2 and 1 425.15 hm^2, respectively. In addition, the construction land increases by 2 806.38 hm^2. Under the influence of urban expansion and economic interest driven, a large number of the reed and paddy field have been developed into the construction and shrimp field. The forecasting result shows that the shallow sea, rivers, reed and paddy field among the wetland types are decreasing while tidal-flat area, shrimp field and reservoir pond are increasing year after year. On the unwetted land, all the others are decreasing except the construction land. The shallow sea will reach 2. 49%, tidal-flat area 15.06%, and rivers 1.39% , reed 1.21% , reservoir pond 1.15% , shrimp field 11.68%, paddy field 36. 44%, woodland 2. 57%, construction land 15.59%, and unwetted land 12. 42% by 2050, which indicates that the dominant factor is the human disturbance in Yalujiang River Delta.