心理咨询和治疗师的专业能力和情感能力的多中心调查

A Multi-center Survey on Professional and Emotional Competence and Related Factors among Counselors and Psychotherapists

目的:了解心理咨询和治疗师的专业能力和情感能力现状及其影响因素。方法:采用问卷调查法,以自编心理咨询和治疗伦理问题调查问卷(咨询师版)为评价工具,对全国范围内1000名心理咨询和治疗师进行调查,回收有效问卷601份,有效率为60.1%。结果:76.2%的被调查者有难以胜任专业工作的感觉,超过一半以上的被调查者在执业过程中会有悲伤、害怕等负性情绪体验,66.2%的人曾接受过心理治疗或督导的帮助,少部分人有过极端抑郁的情绪(24.6%),14.8%的人有过被虐待的经历。对于专业能力和情感能力的伦理判断,较有争议的条目是"用自我暴露或现身说法来作为治疗技术"和"告诉来访者自己生他(她)的气了"。职称、从业年限、平均每周咨询实践的时间等是影响心理咨询和治疗师专业能力的主要因素(P<0.05或P<0.01),每周心理咨询和治疗时间越短、从业年限越短、职称越低的被调查者,难以胜任自己的专业的比例越大。结论:国内目前心理咨询和治疗从业者较多存在胜任专业工作困难的感受,以及负性情绪体验,对于咨询过程中的某些伦理问题概念判断比较模糊。提示在今后的心理咨询与治疗师培训中有必要增加专业训练、统一伦理规范,定期接受督导和帮助。

Objective： To explore the professional and emotional competence and associated factors among Chinese counselors and psychotherapists. Methods： A total of 1000 participants were investigated with the self-made questionnaire on the ethical problems in psychotherapy and counseling, and the validated questionaire was 601, with the valid ratio of 60. 1%. Results： About 76. 2% of the counselors and psychotherapists in this study reported that they had the feeling of no competent for the work, over half of them experienced intense emotional distress, 66. 2% of them reported that they had received personal therapy, ＇about 24. 6% reported suicidal feelings, and 14. 8% had experienced various abuse over their lifetimes. To the question of ＂ using self-disclosure as a therapy technique＂, and ＂ telling a client that you are angry at him or her＂, the answers of participants were different. These items were the main related factors, such as title of a technical post, the time of profession, average time of practice. Conclusion： The feelings of no competent and negative emotion are commonly existed in the Chinese counselors and psychotherapists. The ethical beliefs of some participants to some items are blurring. It is important to intensify the professional education, to unify the ethical norms, and to accept the psychotherapy and supervision for the counselors and psychotherapists.