低视力患者的心理、社会支持和应对方式

Relationship among Psychological Health,Social Support and Coping Styles in Patients with Low-vision

目的:探讨低视力患者的心理、社会支持和应对方式。方法:本研究为病例对照研究。采取方便抽样抽取河南省人民医院眼科中心住院治疗的低视力患者102名,并以性别、年龄、受教育程度配对选取对照组99名,用一般情况调查表、症状自评量表(SCL-90)、社会支持评定量表(SSRS)和应付方式问卷(CSQ)进行施测。结果:(1)低视力患者的SCL-90总分以及各因子分均高于对照组[如人际关系因子(1.78±0.53)vs.(1.40±0.31),P<0.01];(2)低视力患者主观支持分、社会支持总分均低于对照组[(22.30±4.63)v.s(23.76±5.51),(38.24±7.35)vs.(41.36±6.65),P<0.01];(3)低视力患者解决问题因子分低于对照组[(0.60±0.29)vs.(0.79±0.18),P<0.01],而自责因子分高于对照组[(0.38±0.32)v.s(0.21±0.25),P<0.01];(4)低视力患者SCL-90总分及大多数因子与其社会支持和应对方式呈低到中度相关(r=0.22～0.40,P<0.05,0.01)。结论:低视力患者心理健康状态普遍较差,其心理健康与社会支持和应对方式呈低到中度相关。

Objective： To explore the relationship among psychological health, social support and coping styles in the patients with low-vision. Methods： A total of 102 low-vision patients and 99 normal controls were assessed with the demographic information questionnaires, Symptom Checklist 90 （ SCL-90 ） , Social Support Rating Scale and Coping Styles Questionnaires （ CSQ ） . Resdts： （ 1 ） The total score and all the subscores of SCL-90 in the patients with low-vision were significantly higher than those in the control group [ for example, the subscore of interpersonal relationship ： （ 1.78 ± 0. 53 } vs. （ 1.40 ± 0. 31 ） , P 〈 0. 01 ] . （ 2 ） The patients with low-vision got significantly lower scores in the subscales of perceived social support and social support than the control group [ { 22. 30 ±4. 63 } vs. （23.76 ± 5.51 ） , （38. 24 ±7.35 } vs. （41.36±6. 65 ） ; P 〈 0. 01 ] . （3） The patients with low-vision got significantly lower scores in the subscale of solving problem [ （0. 60 ±0. 29） vs. （0. 79±0. 18）, P 〈0.01 ] and higher scores in the subscale of self-appraisal [ （0. 38 ±0.32 ） vs. （0. 21±0. 25 ） , P 〈 0.01 ] . （ 4 ） The total score and most subscores of SCL-90 were significantly correlated with social support and coping styles in the patients with low-vision （ r = 0. 22-0.40, Ps 〈0. 05 ） . Conclusion： The psychological statuses of low-vision patients are not good commonly. In order to enhance the psychological health among the low-vision patients, nurses can improve their social support level and encourage them to use more mature coping styles.