北京市福利院护士离职意愿相关因素调查

Turnover Intention and Related Factors of Nurses in Beijing Social Welfare System

目的:探索北京市福利院护士离职意愿的相关因素。方法:采用一般情况调查表、M aslach职业倦怠问卷、知觉心理压力量表、简易应对方式问卷、社会支持评定量表对北京市市属6所社会福利院全体护士320人进行调查,回收问卷311份。结果:(1)有离职意愿者73人(23.5%),其中有具体离职计划者18人(5.8%);有离职意愿者中高等学历61人,中等学历12人,高等学历护士中有离职意愿者所占比例高于中等学历护士(χ2=6.534,P=0.011);从业6～10年的护士中37.8%有离职意愿,所占比例最高(χ2=10.365,P=0.035)。(2)有离职意愿者情绪耗竭、去人格化、紧张感得分高于无离职意愿者[(28.14±9.69)v.s(20.61±8.69),(7.20±4.44)vs.(5.59±4.49),(21.66±3.87)vs.(19.69±3.55);均P<0.01],而社会支持低于无离职意愿者[(34.44±7.16)vs.(37.83±7.37),P<0.01];(3)针对离职意愿的logistic回归显示,情绪耗竭和学历对离职意愿有显著影响(β=0.061,1.118;P=0.001,0.029)以情绪耗竭为自变量的多元线性回归显示,婚姻状态、紧张感和失控感对情绪耗竭有显著影响(β=0.137,0.526,0.163;均P<0.01)。结论:高等学历护士、情绪耗竭水平高的护士有离职意愿的可能性更高,而婚姻状态、感知到的紧张感和失控感可能通过影响情绪耗竭水平而间接影响护士的离职意愿。

Objective： To investigate the turnover intention and its related factors in nurses from Beijing social welfare system. Methods： A total of 320 nurses from 6 social welfare institutions in Beijing were investigated with the personal data collection form, Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Service Survey, Social Support Rating Scales, Sim- plified Coping Style Questionnaire, and Chinese Perceived Stress Scale, and 311 questionnaires were returned. Re- suits： （1} Seventy three （23. 5%） nurses had turnover intention and 18 （5. 8%） nurses had concrete plan to quit. Sixty one nurses with high degree and 12 nurses with secondary degree had turnover intention, and nurses with high degree were more inclined to quit （ Х^2 =6. 534, P =0. 011 ） . 37. 8% nurse who had been in their current position for 6 - 10 years wanted to quit, more than those nurses with other tenure. （2） Emotional exhaustion, depersona- lization and tension of nurses with turnover intention were higher [ （28. 14±9.69） vs. （20. 61 ±8.69）, （7.20 ± 4.44} vs. （5.59±4.49）, （21.66±3.87） vs. （19.69±3.55）; Ps〈0.01], while social support was lower [ （34. 44 ± 7.16） vs. （ 37. 83 ±7.37 ）, P 〈 0. 01 ] than those without turnover intention. （ 3 ） The only variables contributing directly to turnover intentions in the Forward Conditional logistic regression were emotional exhaustion and education （ β= 0. 061, 1.118 ; P = 0. 001,0. 029 ） . Marriage status, the feeling of tension and out of control （ β = 0. 137, 0. 526, 0. 163; Ps 〈 0. 01 ） were significant to emotional exhaustion in the stepwise linear regression. Conclusion： The nurses with higher degree and higher level of emotional exhaustion are more likely to think about quit.Marriage status, the feeling of tension and out of control may influence turnover intentions indirectly through emotionalexhaustion.