工作与生活压力对铁路女工心理健康的影响

Effects of Work Stress and Family Stress on Mental Health in Female Railway Workers

目的:探讨工作压力与生活压力对铁路女工心理健康的影响。方法:选取某铁路局中年龄小于55岁的全体女职工为研究对象。应用付出-回报失衡量表和家庭压力量表评价1679名铁路女工工作压力和生活压力状况,并通过一般健康问卷了解其心理健康情况。结果:1679名女职工中有690人(占41.9%)存在不良心理健康现象。心理不良组工作压力、生活压力评分均高于心理健康组[(1.3±0.3)vs(1.0±0.2),(13.2±1.7)vs(12.3±1.8),均P<0.01]。较高和最高工作压力都与不良心理健康有明显有关联(OR=2.03,95%CI:1.47～2.80;OR=3.04,95%CI:2.17～4.28);较高和最高的生活压力与不良心理健康有明显关联(OR=1.64,95%CI:1.21～2.23;OR=2.48,95%CI:1.47～4.49);高工作压力-低生活压力,低工作压力-高生活压力,以及高工作压力-高生活压力与不良心理健康有明显关联(OR=1.90,95%CI:1.32～2.74;OR=1.79,95%CI:1.21～2.67;OR=3.54,95%CI:2.21～5.01)。结论:工作压力和生活压力都与铁路女工不良心理健康有明显关联。

Objective： To examine the effects of work stress and family stress on mental health in female railway workers. Methods： A sample of 1679 female railway workers with were ossessed the validated Chinese version of Effort-Reward Imbalance and Short Family Stress Questionnaire for their work stress and family stress, respectively, in and their mental health status was evaluated with the General Health Questionnaire-12. The dataset was built with Epidata3.1 and analyzed by SPSSll. 5. Results： Mtogether 690 female workers （41.9% ） were found to have poor mental health. The scores of work stress and family stress in poor mental health group （ 1.34± 0. 29 ） were both higher than those in good mental heahh group [ （1.3±0.3） vs. （1.0±0.2）, （13.2±1.7） vs. （12.3±1.8）; bothP〈 0.01 ] . Higher and highest work stress were apparently related to poor mental health （ OR = 2. 03, 95% CI： 1.47 - 2. 80; OR =3.04, 95%CI： 2. 17 -4. 28） . Higher and Highest family stress were also related to poor mental health （ OR = 1.64, 95% CI ： 1.21） 2. 23, OR = 2. 48, 95% CI ： 1.47 - 4. 49 } . High work stress-low family stress, low work stress-high family stress, and high work stress-high family stress were significantly related to poor mental health （OR =1.90,95%CI： 1.32-2.74; OR =1.79,95%CI： 1.21 -2.67, OR =3.54, 95%CI： 2.21 -5.01） . Conclusion ： Work stress and family stress may be the important risk factors of mental health among the female railway workers.