景区经营权转让失败后的效应评价——以贵州马岭河景区为例

EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTS OF THE FAILURE REMISE OF THE OPERATIONAL RIGHT OF MALING RIVER SCENIC AREAS IN GUIZHOU

近年来,转让经营权成为一些风景名胜区管理和经营改革过程中引入企业化经营的一种制度创新模式。贵州马岭河作为全国首个实行风景名胜区内项目特许经营管理的试点单位,却在经营权转让后仅一年便以企业的退出而宣告失败。基于对马岭河景区管理机构、当地居民及旅游者等相关利益群体的问卷调查分析,认为马岭河经营权转让失败对当地社区的整体发展、景区经营管理及旅游地生态环境等产生了负面影响,并就如何规避景区市场化运作中的经营管理风险及负面影响提出了相关的理论思考和政策建议。

In recent years, the remise of the operational rights has become an innovative mode, which introduces enterprise operation, in the process of management and operation reform for some well known scenic spots. Maling River in Guizhou Province as the first national scenic spot with the project＇s pilot license management implemented, but the remise of the operational right failed because of the enterprise＇s withdrawing in less than a year. Based on the analysis of a questionnaire subscribed and done with scenic spot management department of Maling River, local residents and tourists, the authors believe that the failure remise of Maling River operational right has negative impact on the whole development of local community and the operation and management of scenic spots, as well as the ecological environment of tourism destinations. The paper suggests some relative countermeasures in order to avoid risks and negative effects with a purpose of providing helpful references for practicing tourism development at other tourism destinations in China.