广州市城区热岛效应的遥感应用研究

APPLICATION OF REMOTE SENSING TO STUDYING THE HEAT ISLAND EFFECT IN GUANGZHOU CITY ZONE

利用Landsat TM/ETM+热红外波段数据,根据辐射传输方程的地表温度反演方法,定量计算了广州市城区1988年、1995年和2002年的地表温度,讨论了广州市热岛扩展的时空演变格局和热岛效应形成的主要因素。结果表明,广州市城市热岛效应明显,热岛分布区域广且范围在不断扩大,在空间分布上呈现"三线四区"的特征。通过地表温度对比分析发现,老城区温度比高温区低3.7℃～4.2℃,比低温区温度高2.9℃～3.3℃,热岛强度为6.6℃～7.6℃;城市的功能布局、人类活动和经济发展与热岛效应的空间分布有十分密切的关系,也是影响城市热环境的重要因素。

Based on the inversed method of Land Surface Temperature （LST） of radiation transmission equation, LST of the Guangzhou City zone in 1988, 1995 and 2002 were retrieved from landsat TM/ETM ＋ thermal infrared data. The temporal and spatial evaluative pattern of heat island extension and the factors of heat island effect formation were analyzed. The results showed that heat island effect in Guangzhou is distinct, and its extension is broad and broadening and its spatial distribution presents the characters ＂there lines and four districts＂ Through comparison and analysis of LST, LST of old urban district is 3.7 - 4. 2 ℃ lower than high LST district and 2. 9 - 3.3 ℃ higher than low LST district. The heat island intensity is 6. 6 -7.6 ℃. It is very correlative among urban function distribution, human activities and spatial distribution of heat island effect, which are also the key factors to impact urban heat environment.