江西省餐饮业农民工焦虑和抑郁状况调查及影响因素分析

Investigation of the Status and Relative Factors of Anxiety and Depression among the Food Service Industry Migrant Workers in Jiangxi

目的了解城市农民工的焦虑和抑郁等心理健康状况,并分析其影响因素。方法对298名餐饮业农民工进行包括基本情况、症状自评量表和影响因素的问卷调查,对结果进行统计分析。结果农民工的焦虑(t=4.66,P<0.001)和抑郁(t=4.56,P<0.001)水平高于全国常模,焦虑检出率4.70%(95%CI为2.28%～7.11%),抑郁检出率8.72%(95%CI为5.50%～11.95%);广义线性模型显示,同事关系、共同居住者、婚姻状况、童年忽视、期望居留地是影响农民工焦虑(R2=0.378,F=3.926,P<0.001)和抑郁(R2=0.422,F=4.715,P<0.001)的主要因素。结论农民工的心理健康状况较差,影响因素集中在婚姻状况、社会支持、童年忽视以及个人期望几个方面,需针对这些影响因素采取干预措施。

Objectives To investigate the status and relative factors of anxiety and depression among migrant workers.Methods Two hundred and ninety eight migrant workers from the food service industry were selected with purposive sampling and inquired with a questionnaire consisting of socio-demographic variables,relative factors and two sections that were extracted from SCL-90(Symptom Checklist 90) to assess anxiety and depression status.Data were inputted with Epidata3.1 and analyzed with SPSS 13.0 for Windows.Results Both the average scores of migrant workers on anxiety(t=4.66,P<0.001)and depression(t= 4.56,P<0.001)were higher than the norm group.The positive rates of anxiety and depression were 4.70%(95%CI 2.28%~7.11%)and 8.72%(95%CI 5.50%~11.95%)respectively.Linear regression tests indicated that remote relationship with colleagues,living alone,divorce or bereft of one's spouse,childhood neglect and expecting to reside in cities were risking factors of anxiety(P<0.001)and depression(P<0.001)among migrant workers.Conclusions The mental health status of migrant workers is poor.The relative factors mainly concentrate on social support,childhood neglect,marriage and expectation,which should be focused on in order to improve the mental health status of migrant workers.