深圳市罗湖区医院、宾馆集中式空调系统卫生学评价

The Hygiene Evaluation of Central Air Conditioning Ventilation Systems of Hospital and Hotel in Shenzhen City

目的了解深圳市罗湖区医院及宾馆集中空调通风系统的卫生状况,探索有效的卫生管理对策。方法于2009～2010年随机抽取深圳市罗湖区6家宾馆及2家医院集中空调通风系统的卫生管理状况进行调查,检测新风量、冷却水军团菌、送风中可吸入颗粒物(PM10)、采集风管内表面积尘和空调送风进行微生物检测。结果 6家宾馆送风中PM10、细菌总数、真菌总数和β-溶血性链球菌的合格率分别为81.2%、82.9%、51.4%、100.0%;2家医院送风中PM10、细菌总数、真菌总数和β-溶血性链球菌的合格率分别为46.8%、33.3%、53.3%、100.0%。医院和宾馆在PM10(χ2=19.4 P=0.000 1)和真菌总数(P=0.001 9)上合格率不同,差异有统计学意义。6家宾馆冷却水军团菌的检出率为20.0%,冷凝水嗜肺军团菌的检出率为0;2家医院冷却水、冷凝水军团菌的检出率为0。结论深圳市罗湖区医院及宾馆集中空调通风系统存在一定程度的污染,并且医院的污染比宾馆更严重。因此,应该加强空调系统的运行管理,提高空调环境卫生状况,促进人群健康。

Objectives The study was aimed to detect the sanitary conditions of central air conditioning ventilation systems of hospital and hotel in Luohu district in Shenzhen,and to explore some effective supervision measures for central air conditioning ventilation systems. Methods In this randomized study,6 hotels and 2 hospitals in Shenzhen were selected to determine the total count of bacteria and fungi in internal surface of pipe and blowing air,the air change flow,legionella in cooling tower water,inhalable particulate matter(PM10) in air blow and the dust volume of internal surfaces of pipes. Results The 6 hotels' qualified rate of the total count of PM10,bacteria,fungi and β-hemolytic streptococcus were respectively 81.2%,82.9%,51.4%,100.0% in air blow;the 2 hospitals' qualified rate of the total count of PM10,bacteria,fungi and β-hemolytic streptococcus were respectively 46.8%,33.3%,53.3%,100.0%in air blow.Hospitals' qualified rate was different from hotels in PM10 and total count of bacteria,and the difference was statistical significant.In the six hotels,the detected rate of legionella in cooling tower water was 20.0%,the detected rate of legionella pneumophila in condensate was 0.In the two hospitals,the detected rate of legionella in cooling tower water and condensate were 0. Conclusions A certain degree of contamination has been observed in the centralized air-conditional ventilation systems in Luohu district of Shenzhen.The pollution in hospitals was more serious than in hotels in PM10 and total count of bacteria.Therefore,in order to improve the sanitary conditions of central air conditioning and promote the public health,the management of centralized air-conditional ventilation systems should be enhanced.