车辆定位监控系统数据库的设计与优化

Design and optimization of database for vehicle monitoring systems

根据车辆定位监控系统对后台数据库的任务需求,采用E-R图实现了车辆、车载终端和用户3类实体对象及其关联关系的数据库概念设计,并创建了数据库逻辑结构模型.为了进一步提升数据库的运行性能,首先针对大数据量表引起的访问效率下降问题,利用分流的思想将原表划分成为多个子表,实现了数据的分布存储,有效增强了数据库的数据存储能力.其次,对数据量大且需要频繁读写的表进行分区优化处理,通过对数据的并行处理达到改善访问效率的目的.最后,结合表的不同应用目的,合理使用聚集索引来提高单表查询的速度.对某企业的车辆定位监控系统性能评价结果表明,优化后的数据库对于监控系统数据的实时访问请求响应及时,具有强大的数据存储管理能力,保证了系统整体性能的稳定可靠.

According to the functions of database required by the vehicle monitoring system,three entities,including the vehicle,the vehicle terminal and the user,and their relationships are created and described by an entity-relationship ( E-R) diagram for the database concept design. The database logical model is built. In order to improve the performance of the database application,three kinds of optimization are proposed in different aspects. First,to improve the low efficiency of data accessing caused by a huge table,multiple sub-tables are divided from the original huge table by a distributed storage solution,which greatly increases the storage capability of the database based on decentralized management. Secondly,zoning optimizations are made for the single tables with a large amount of data. Due to the parallel processing for data,a good performance can be obtained even when the data accessing is frequent. Finally,the query speed of a specific table is improved by making fair use of the clustered index under the guide of different application purposes. Performance of the database in an actual vehicle monitoring system is evaluated. The results show that the optimized database can timely respond the real-time requests of data accessing. It is powerful for data storage and management,which ensures the stability and reliability of the system performance.