轨道交通票制选择多层多属性决策模型

Multi-level multi-attribute decision-making model for choice of fare collection pattern in urban rail transit

为了合理确定城市轨道交通票制,从运营效果、客流及出行特征、政策法规支持力度和运营企业绩效4个方面对票制选择的影响因素进行了分析,在此基础上构建了票制选择的两级评价指标体系.以最优票制为目标,以影响因素为属性,以可供选择的各种票制为方案层,建立了轨道交通票制选择多层多属性决策模型.结合某城市轨道交通实际情况,同时应用该模型与模糊综合评判方法进行票制选择,2种方法确定的最佳方案一致,都为里程分段计程票制,但一票制与分区票制的方案排序不一致,原因是模糊综合评判法权值误差过大.而多层多属性决策模型能够确定最优权值,使决策过程更符合实际,结果表明该决策模型是有效和可靠的.

In order to choose a reasonable fare collection pattern for the automatic fare collection ( AFC) system of urban rail transit,the main factors which affect the rail transit fare system,including operation effect,ridership and trip characteristics,policies and regulations,and the performance of operating enterprises,are analyzed. Based on these key factors,a two-level evaluation factor structure for the selection of the fare collection pattern is constructed. Taking the optimal fare collection pattern as the goal,key factors as attributes,and available patterns as alternatives,a multi-level multi-attribute decision-making model for the choice of the fare system is established. Under the situation of one city,the model and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method are applied to determine the most suitable fare collection pattern for that city. The best choice turns out to be identical,namely sub-metered pattern. However,the sort of flat pattern and zoning pattern is not consistent with each other for the reason of large deviation of weight in the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. Since the multi-level multi-attribute decision-making model can better determine the optimal weight, the decision process is more reliable and more corresponding to the practice. The results show that the model is effective and reliable.