高硫原油的炼油设计与生产

The Design and Process of High-Sulfur Crude Processing

缘于国际原油价格持续走高的现状,优化以劣质高硫原油为原料、生产高附加值产品的加工流程,成为各大炼化设计公司关注的焦点。具有高硫原油加工能力的炼厂,尽管存在加工高硫原油物耗、能耗及操作费用偏高的问题,但综合效益较好,能在一定程度上控制成本、提高利润。通过对比高硫原油馏分的炼油设计硫含量数据与实际生产标定值发现,Aspen软件模拟数据与生产标定数据的吻合度较好,应用到炼油设计中有助于提高设计精度。对硫含量与腐蚀速率建立线性拟合公式,显示高硫馏分油的腐蚀速率与其硫含量有关。在制定高硫原油全厂总加工路线时,优先采用加氢路线,同时综合考虑装置设备的承受能力,在全厂总投资和设备材质抗腐蚀性允许下进行选油工作,争取做到总加工流程既满足生产高品质清洁油品的需要,又提升劣质原油加工的适应性,还能保障安全生产。

As international crude oil prices rise continuously,processes using low-quality high-sulfur crude as feedstock and producing high-value products are drawing widespread attention from major refiners.Despite some disadvantages such as high material and energy consumption and operating cost,refineries with high-sulfur crude processing capacity have good overall efficiency and thus can control cost and raise profit margins to some extent.By comparing the sulfur content data in the refining design for high-sulfur fraction with calibration values of actual production,the author of the article discovers that the data simulated by Aspen software matches actual production calibration data very well and can help raise design accuracy when used in refining design.The linear fitting formula developed for sulfur content and corrosion rate reveals that the corrosion rate of high-sulfur distillate is related to its sulfur content.When determining the refinery-level overall route for high-sulfur crude processing,the designer should give priority to hydrogenation routes while considering the bearing capacity of the equipment.Oil selection should start only when total investment for the refinery and the anti-corrosion properties of equipment and materials permit to ensure,if possible,that the overall process meets the requirements for producing high-quality clean oil products,raising the adaptability of the refinery to process low-quality crude as well as ensuring safe production.