关于聚胺和“聚胺”钻井液的几点认识

Several Recognition on Polyamines and "Polyamine" Drilling Fluids

近年来,为满足环保要求和降低钻井液成本,国外钻井液公司研制了一种以胺基抑制剂为主剂的高性能水基钻井液,因其良好的抑制性和环保性能而深受重视。近期,受国外胺基抑制性钻井液研究与应用的启示,国内出现了"聚胺"热。聚胺是指重复结构单元中含有胺基的聚合物,而钻井液行业所谓的"聚胺",并非真正意义上的聚胺,而是聚醚的胺基化产物,即端氨基聚醚或聚醚胺,其主要合成方法包括聚醚催化还原加氢胺化法、聚醚腈催化加氢法和离去基团法。胺基聚醚独特的分子结构,能很好地镶嵌在黏土层间,并使黏土层紧密结合在一起,从而有效抑制黏土和岩屑的分散,且其抑制性持久,有利于井壁稳定和储层保护,可以单独作为钻井液抑制剂或防塌剂,也可以形成胺基聚醚钻井液体系。在胺基聚醚钻井液设计中,要突出胺基聚醚的主体作用,钻井液中胺基聚醚的量的控制及配伍处理剂的选择是该体系控制的关键。强抑制性及可生物降解是胺基聚醚钻井液体系的突出之处。需要指出的是,胺基聚醚作为一种有效的钻井液抑制剂,其抑制性评价方法还需要进一步探讨。

In recent years,in order to meet environmental protection requirements and reduce drilling fluid costs,foreign drilling fluid company has developed high-performance water-based drilling fluids taking amine inhibitor agent as main agent,and it is paid more attention because of its good inhibitive capacity and environmental protection performance.Recently initiated by the research and application of foreign drilling fluids with amino inhibitive drilling fluid,it presents a 'polyamines' hot at home.Polyamine is the polymer containing amine in repeating structural unit,and so-called 'polyamines' of the drilling fluids industry is not a real sense of polyamines,but polyether amine product,namely the amine-terminated polyether or polyether amine whose synthesis methods include the polyether catalytic reduction hydrogenation amination,polyether nitrile catalytic hydrogenation and the group leaving method.The unique molecular structure of the amino polyether can be well embedded in the clay interlayer,and make clay layers close together,thus the dispersion of clay and debris may be inhibited effectively with long time.It can be used alone as a drilling fluid inhibitors or anti-collapse agent,and can also form amino polyether drilling fluid system for being in favor of wellbore stability and reservoir protection.In amino polyether drilling fluid design,the main role of amino polyether should be emphasized,and control on the quantity of amine polyether in the drilling fluids and choice of the compatibility additives is the key of the system control.The strong inhibition and biodegradable performance is the advantage of the amine polyether drilling fluid system.It should be pointed out that as an effective drilling fluid inhibitor,the evaluation method of the inhibition of the amine polyether needs thorough discussion.