杂交水稻的种质基础浅析

Analysis of Germplasm Basis of Hybrid Rice in China

中国杂交水稻育种和生产取得辉煌的成就,是世界育种史上的奇迹。然而,经过30多a的实践,原有的遗传基础已经得到充分利用,出现了单产提高难,病虫害抗性低,品种适应性不广,高新技术应用成就不显著等急需解决的难题。分析了造成问题的原因和杂交水稻的种质基础,提出了杂交水稻发展的对策:(1)建立惠益共享机制,加强学科合作;(2)加强应用基础研究,重点是遗传资源、抗病虫性和抗逆性的基础研究;(3)创新项目管理机制;(4)扩大育种遗传基础,特别是突出野生稻优异种质和国外稻种资源的利用。

Successful breeding and production of hybrid rice in China is a brilliant achievement and has become a miracle in breeding history of the world.However,after practice of over 30 years,original genetic basis of rice has been fully exploited.At present,many problems urgently needed to be solved in the process of development have showed up,such as difficulty to raise per unit area yield,poor resistances to diseases and insect pests,narrow adaptability of variety,low effectiveness of application of high techniques.After analyzing the causes and the gerplasm basis of hybrid rice,the authors put forward strategies and ways to solve the problems in development of hybrid rice.(1) Building sharing mechanism of interest and strengthening cooperation amongst subjects;(2) Strengthening basic and applied researches among which the research on genetic resources,resistance to disease,pest and stress was key;(3) Innovation of management mechanism of projects;(4) Enlarging genetic basis of breeding.In particular,excellent resources of wild rice and the resources imported abroad should be highly exploited.