海涂耐盐粳稻新种质创制研究

Studies on Innovation of Salt-tolerant Japonica Rice Germplasm on Tideland

发掘米草耐盐和水稻高产种质资源,创制耐盐粳稻新种质。在2005—2007年米草与水稻远缘杂交研究的基础上,2008—2009年开展了海涂耐盐粳稻新种质创制研究。2008年海涂种植耐盐适应性试验,米草/水稻杂交种34号、32号,产杂交种子3.72t/hm2。2009年海涂筛选结合分子标记辅助双选择,32个组合中,产耐盐稻谷3.0 t/hm2以上的有20个组合,平均产稻谷4.89t/hm2,最低产稻谷3.11 t/hm2,最高产稻谷8.94 t/hm2。选育出了产量在6.0～7.5 t/hm2耐盐粳稻新组合6个。发现了耐盐甜秆粳稻种质资源育种材料,秸秆可溶性糖含量在5.0%以上,比对照水稻提高65%以上。在60份杂交材料中选择18个杂交组合,经RAPD分析,有9个组合具有与大米草亲本共同条带,而同时在水稻亲本中缺失的情形,表明9个组合远缘杂交种具有大米草亲本遗传成分。

Innovation of salt-tolerant japonica rice germplasm on tideland was explored aimming at the combination of salt tolerance of spartina and high-yield productivity of rice.Based on the intergeneric hybridization between spartina and rice conducted in 2005—2007,innovation of salt-tolerant japonica rice germplasm on tideland was carried out in 2008—2009.Salt adaptation experiments of sowing and transplanting on tideland in 2008 showed that a seed yield of 3.72 t/hm2 was harvested for the spartina/rice hybrids 34 and 32.Through both tideland screening and molecular marker-assisted selection in 2009,the average yield of 20 combinations with a yield over 3.0 t/hm2 out of 32 combinations in total was 4.89 t/hm2,with the minimum at 3.11 t/hm2 and the maximum 8.94 t/hm2.Six salt-tolerant new japonica rice combinations were bred with a high yield between 6.0~7.5 t/hm2.Moreover,some of the salt-tolerant japonica rice germplasm resources had sweet stalks with 5.0% soluble sugar content,more than 65% increased compared with the control of common rice.In addation,9 combinations out of 18 spartina/rice intergeneric hybrids by RAPD analysis had specific bands of the paternal spartina,indicating that these intergeneric hybrids have genetic components from the paternal spartina.