近年国内桥梁倒塌事故原因分析

Analysis of Chinese bridge collapse accident causes in recent years

自2000年以来,国内媒体公开报道的我国非地震引起桥梁倒塌事故共85起。论文对事故的原因进行分析,并按照桥梁建造、服役过程对倒塌原因进行分类,提出预防倒塌事故发生的对策。事故分析表明,桥梁倒塌原因可分为设计施工不合理、撞桥和超载、自然灾害、加固拆除不合理、桥梁病害、人为活动等六类。除地震外,设计施工不合理所引起的桥梁倒塌事故数目最大。而事故的发生大多是多种原因综合作用的结果。根据原因的分析结论,提出了深入进行科学研究、建立完善的安全保障体系、加大桥梁维护管理力度等预防桥梁倒塌事故发生的对策。

Bridge collapse accidents since 2000 were investigated.Totally,there are 85 bridge collapse accidents which reported by media in China publicly,not including the earthquake cause ones.The causes of accidents were analyzed and classified in accordance with the bridge construction,service process.Countermeasures to prevent the collapse of the accident were proposed.Based on the statistics,the causes can be classified 6 types as unreasonable design and construction,bridge collision and overload,natural disasters,unreasonable strengthening and demolition,bridge diseases,and human activities.Except earthquake cause,the accidents caused by unreasonable design and construction are most.And one bridge collapse accident is caused by various reasons.The countermeasures are suggested as doing more mechanism research,establishing a good security system,and improving the bridge maintenance and management.