北安河底泥重金属污染评价的研究

Research on Environmental Evaluation for Heavy Metal Contamination in the Sediments of Beian River

北安河为松花江干流牡丹江的支流,其污染情况对松花江的环境影响较大。文章以北安河底泥为研究对象,分析了底泥的重金属污染特性,选择了北安河具有典型特点的上游、中游、下游三处采样点,进行了丰水期和枯水期的取样,测定了底泥中的铜、锌、铬、铅、镉和铁的含量,分别以底泥质量标准和地积累指数法对污染情况进行分析评价,其中底泥质量标准的结果表明北安河底泥中Pb元素和Cu元素污染比较严重,重金属的污染程度由强至弱的次序为:Pb>Cu>Zn>Cd>Cr;地累积指数法评价的结果为Pb、Cd和Cu污染比较严重,相应的污染顺序为Pb>Cd>Cu>Zn>Cr;综合分析表明北安河底泥丰水期污染强于枯水期的污染,Pb为污染最严重的元素,其次为Cu,Cd,而污染较弱的为Zn与Cr。

In order to determine the contamination characteristic of sediments in Beian River,branch of Songhua River,three typical sampling ports were selected for detection of five kinds of heavy metals.The heavy metal concentrations for copper,zinc,chromium,lead,and cadmium in wet season and dry season were analyzed by sediment quality guidelines(SQGs) and index of geoaccumulation(Igeo) .The results by SOGs showed the serious pollution elements were Pb and Cu,the contamination sequences for heavy metal were Pb>Cu>Zn>Cd>Cr.The results by Igeo demonstrated that pollution by Pb,Cd and Cu were more serious,while the contamination sequences were Pb> Cd > Cu>Zn>Cr. In consideration of the results of two methods,it concluded that the heavy metal contamination for Beian River in wet season were more serious than those in dry season.Pb was the most serious polluted element,then followed by copper and cadmium,while the least polluted ones were zinc and chromium.