微囊藻毒素性质及分析处理方法研究进展

Characterization of Microcystins and Analysis Methods for Removal of Microcystins

过去几十年间蓝藻水华随着营养元素的增加而频发,引发了严重的环境问题,尤其对饮用水形成了很大的威胁。微囊藻毒素是细胞内毒素,它在细胞内合成,细胞死亡后释放出来并表现出毒性。藻毒素能抑制蛋白磷酸酶的活性,对生物体既能表现出急性毒性也存在慢性毒性,还能使浮游动物和鱼类中毒并能在鱼类和水生动物体内富积,因此藻毒素对动物的毒性和通过植物在食物链中的富积已经成为各国水专家广泛关注的问题。文章查阅了大量文献,详细介绍了水体中藻毒素的种类、特性及其危害,在对藻毒素的性质和分析方法进行了科学分析的基础上,总结了国内外各种先进的去除微囊藻毒素的技术,并指出今后微囊藻处理技术的发展方向。

The incidence of cyanobacterial blooms in freshwaters has increased over the past few decades due to rising nutrient levels,which causes serious environmental problems,which is especially exceeding threatening for drinking water. Microcystin is a endotoxins,which is synthesized in cell and released with cell death. Due to their potent and irreversible inhibition of important regulatory protein phosphatase,microcystin toxicity is which can cause both acute and chronic effects. Therefore,the toxic effects of cyanotoxins on animals and the potential for bioaccumulation in the food web through plants are the common problem for water authorities at home and abroad. Based on the existing literatures,this article described in detail the species,properties and harmful effects of cyan bacterial toxins,reviewed and analyzed the removal method of Microcystin toxins,and points out the development trend.