杂交水稻机械化种子生产技术的研究进展

Studies and progress on seed production mechanization technology in hybrid rice

该文回顾分析了国内外杂交水稻制种技术的发展概况,提出中国杂交水稻种子生产技术经历了杂交水稻制种繁种的经验摸索和积累阶段(1973～1980年)、杂交水稻制(繁)种的技术提高和完善阶段(1981～1990年)和杂交水稻制(繁)种的超高产技术研究与推广阶段(1991～至今)等3个发展阶段;国外杂交水稻大面积推广应用与与制种技术研究还在进行之中。认为要提高中国杂交水稻种子质量和种子生产效益及种子生产技术竞争力,今后必须应用推广杂交水稻机械化种子生产技术。至今已进行了除草剂敏感基因导入父本法、抗除草剂基因导入母本法和稻壳颜色标记法的杂交水稻混播机械化制种技术;杂交水稻机械采粉贮粉与授粉制种技术;利用雌性不育系的机械制种技术等。其中杂交水稻混播机械化制种技术已获得小面积成功应用,其余方法还在试验与研究之中。因此,今后需要水稻育种家与农机专家密切合作,进一步深入开展杂交水稻机械化制种技术的研究及推广应用工作。

The development course about mechanization of seed production of hybrid rice at home and abroad were reviewed and analyzed in this paper. It was proposed that hybrid rice seed production technology in China could be divided into three development phases: the phase of experience to try to find out and to accumulate about the hybrid rice seed production technology (1973-1980), the phase of technical enhancement and technical consummation (1981-1990), and the phase of the research, adoption and application (1991-until now) .The adoption and application of hybrid rice with big area and hybrid rice seed production technology have been also in advance. It was thought that the seed production mechanization technology in hybrid rice must be improved from now to raise its seed quality and the benefit of seed production and the competitive power of seed production technology in China. The seed production mechanization technology in hybrid rice in the weed killer sensitive gene to induct the male parent law, the anti-weed killer gene to induct the female parent law and the method of rice husk color code hybrid rice mixes planting has been carried out until now. The mixes planting seed production mechanization technology of hybrid rice has been obtained success application in small area, other methods also are experimenting and researching. Therefore, the seed production mechanization technology in hybrid rice must be promoted by the rice breeders and the farm machinery experts throughout cooperation closely from now.