石油资源枯竭型城市新主导产业的选择和发展——基于对玉门市转型和风电产业基地的调研

Option and development for new leading industry of oil resource-exhausted cities:Based on yumen city transformation and wind power industry base of research

中国甘肃玉门市是中国石油工业诞生地,曾为中国石油工业和国家经济社会成长和发展做出过巨大贡献。玉门因油而兴,因油而衰,终于在十年前被迫选择迁城和转型。本世纪以来,受全球能源供应紧张和气候变化等影响,风力资源作为一种清洁能源和可再生能源的综合利用,受到世界性的广泛关注和实践。玉门市又号称"世界风口",以风能为主的可再生资源丰富,较适合发展以风电为主的新能源产业。世界风电产业连续十年以每年30%以上增长速度在迅猛发展。2009年全球风电装机容量新增3750万kW,风电总装机容量达到1.58亿kW,同比增长31%;预计2020年全球的风力发电装机将达到12.31亿kW,年装机达到1.5亿kW,风力发电量将占全球发电总量的12%。如今的玉门市在经历了痛苦的抉择和十年艰苦卓越的风电产业实践后,作为国家首批"申枯"及转型城市和全国首座千万千瓦级风电产业基地,承担着为全国发展新能源产业积累经验的"模式示范"。本文通过对玉门风电产业发展的实证分析,指出玉门乃至全国发展风电产业的瓶颈问题,提出加快新能源产业发展的对策建议。

Yumen City is the birthplace of China petroleum industry,which had ever made tremendous contribution to China petroleum industry and national economic growth and social development.Because oil,Yumen City boomed and slumped for oil,and finally was forced to choose to move and transform ten years ago.Since the turn of the century,wind resources,as a kind of clean and renewable energy,is receiving worldwide attention and in practice under the influence of the nervous global energy supply situation and climate change.Yumen City is so-called 'world tuyere' with renewable abundant wind power resource,which is very suitable for developing new energy industry of wind power.The wind power industry grows up sharply with annual rate of more than 30% for ten years.In 2009,global wind power installed capacity reached 158 million kilowatts with year-on-year growth of 31% and new rise of 750 million kilowatts.Expected global wind power installed capacity in 2020 will reach 12.31 billion kilowatts with annual installed capacity of 150 million kilowatts,Wind power will share 12% of the total amount of global power.At present,Yumen City has been put into the national first batch of applying for 'resource-exhausted city' and transformation city and the first million kilowatt national wind power industry base,and is playing 'model demonstration' role in developing new energy industry and gathering experience after having gone through painful choices and decade of hard wind power industry practice.This article empirically analyses wind power industry in Yumen City,and points out the bottleneck problems of developing wind power industry in Yumen City and even the whole country,and proposes some suggestions and countermeasures to speed up new energy industry development.