清朝科举体制下少数民族教育公平问题及其解决策略

Research on Educational Equity and Solving Strategies for the Ethnic Minority under the System of the Imperial Examination System in the Qing Dynasty

清初,由于统治者对科举考试认识的偏颇及科举体制的不完善等原因,产生了一系列民族教育公平问题。随着统治的逐步巩固,民族间教育文化水平的差距和民族教育公平问题成为统治的主要障碍。面对这一问题,统治者实施了科举考试、崇儒兴学等措施,以促进民族教育的公平发展进而实现政治统治的稳定。虽然在科举考试中采取了诸多对汉族士子看似不公平的政策以向本民族及其他少数民族"倾斜",但对教育文化水平相对逊色的少数民族而言,统治者从自身需要出发所作的决定,仍具有一定的历史意义,应对其进行公正的评价。

In the early Qing Dynasty,the issue of national education equity arose owing to the biased understanding of the Imperial Examination and the drawbacks of its system.With the gradual consolidation of the feudal rules,educational and cultural gaps between the ethnic and national education equity became a major obstacle to the rules of the Qing Dynasty.In order to promote national education equity and political stability,the governors implemented the Imperial Examination and took some strategies and approaches to popularizing Confucianism in schools.Although there were some 'preferential' policies that were seem unfair for Han examiners in the examination,such strategies are still of historical significance,which should be give just evaluation.