摘要
英汉主语间的区别在于英汉语之间的本质差异:一是英语重形合,依靠大量的语言形式标记表达意义,主语对谓语制约性强,而汉语重意合,逻辑常是隐含的,不一定都摆在面上。二是英语靠主谓(SV,包括主系表)框架立句,汉语很多句子不需要主谓框架,只需后面部分(评论,Comment)能评述前面部分(话题,Topic),句子就立得起来。英语立句基础是SV,汉语立句基础是TC。就这个意义上说,英汉翻译很大程度上就是实现SV和TC之间的恰当转换。汉语TC可能相当于英语的SV;也可能不是。
English is different from Chinese in subject in that English is a typical hypotactical language while Chinese a parataxis. This paper makes a comparative study between English and Chinese subject in terms of subject’s compsition, angles, omission and sentence structure. It points out that with SV as the basic structure of English sentences and topic-comment (TC) as the dominant structure of Chinese sentences, translation of English into Chinese requires skillful conversion of English SV into Chinese TC, and vice versa; TC can be but not necessarily SV.
