事事融通 万物和谐——看佛教圆融思想在《达摩流浪汉》中的体现

Everything is the Same:the Reflection of Buddhist Universalism in The Dharma Bums

《达摩流浪汉》是美国作家杰克.克鲁亚克的代表作之一,叙述了美国五十年代的一小群知识分子参禅悟道,寻求人生真谛的流浪历程。小说生动地展示了佛教在当代西方社会的流传,对印度佛教、中国、日本禅宗、藏传密宗佛教等多种佛教形式均有描述,其深邃的精神探求和浪漫主义色彩使它成为流浪汉小说中的一朵奇葩。在看似散漫随意的故事框架之下,佛教基本教义中所包含的一摄一切,万物融通的圆融思想贯穿全文,并不断得以深化,成为小说潜在的核心思想。本文将探讨叙事者对社会关系、基督教和佛教的关系,以及东西方文化关系的认识上如何体现了佛教圆融观念。

The Dharma Bums is one of American writer Jack Kerouac's masterpieces.It is a modern picaresque novel depicting how a small group of American intellectuals of 1950s practiced Buddhism and sought after the truth of life.The book vividly covers a varied sects of Buddhism including primitive Indian Buddhism,Chinese and Japanese Zen and Tibetan Buddhism,which provides the story with rich spiritualism and romanticism,distinguishing it from common tramp narrations.Hidden under the apparent haphazard and defusing narrative construction is the Buddhist idea of universalism and unity,which underlines most of the fragmentary thoughts and behaviors throughout the whole story,and thus can be seen as the latent theme of the novel.This article will focus on the reflection of such a thought in the novel,and analyze how it influences the hero's understanding of the relationship between human beings,Christianity and Buddhism as well as The East and West cultures.