新型胶质液体泡沫的制备及其用于含油污泥中的原油回收

Preparation of the Novel Colloidal Liquid Aphrons(CLAs)and its Application on Recovery of Crude Oils from Oily Sludge

通过两步反应制备了一种新型Gemini型磺酸盐阴离子表面活性剂。即二苯并-18-冠-6在多聚磷酸的存在下与壬烯发生烷基化反应,得到4(5),4′(5′)-二壬基-二苯并-18-冠-6;再与氯磺酸发生磺化反应,经中和得到一种新型的Gemini型磺酸盐阴离子表面活性剂。应用红外光谱、元素分析等手段对中间体、最终产品进行了结构表征;应用电导法测定了其临界胶束浓度。接着,应用自制的新型Gemini型表面活性剂构筑了一种新型的胶质液体泡沫(CLAs)体系。实验发现,胶质液体泡沫(CLAs)的粒径及稳定性主要受相比影响。利用电导率仪对胶质液体泡沫体系的稳定性进行初步研究。应用电子摄影显微镜技术对胶质液体泡沫体系的结构进行了表征。最后,应用构筑的新型胶质液体泡沫体系对含油污泥原油的回收进行了研究。正交试验的结果表明:自制的、稳定的、胶质液体泡沫体系可以有效地脱除含油污泥中的原油。适宜的条件是:含油污泥处理量0.6g,胶质液体泡沫稀释比为10:1,处理温度45℃,处理时间20min,此条件下含油污泥中原油的脱除率可达99.65%。并应用光学显微镜技术对原油脱除机理进行了初步探讨。

The anionic surfactant--sodium dinonyl-dibenzo-18-crown-6-sulfonate （SDDBCS） was prepared through a two-step method. Firstly, the intermediate 4（5）,4（5＇）-dinonyl-dibenzo-18-crown-6 was prepared through alkylation of dibenzo-18-erown-6 with nonylene and using polyphosphoric acid （PPA） as catalyst and solvent. Secondly, a novel Gemini surfactant was acquired by sulfonation of the prepared 4（5）,4（5＇）-dinonyl-dibenzo-18-crown-6 with chlorosulfonic acid and neutralizing by sodium hydroxide. The structure of the prepared SDDBCS was confirmed by IR, elemental analysis and ^1H-NMR. Moreover, the colloidal liquid aphrons （CLAs） composed ofpolyoxyethylene-3 dodecyl ether （AEO-3）/xylene/SDDBCS/water were constructed and investigated by the conductivity technique and microscopic observation. It shows that the particle size and viscosity of the CLAs prepared are mainly affected by the phase volume ratio （PVR）. Finally, the study of using the prepared CLAs to recover the crude oil from oily sludge was conducted, and it was found that the CLAs prepared with the novel Gemini surfactant shows a good extraction ability, and the stable CLAs system could remove the crude oil from oily sludge sufficiently. The orthogonal experiments indicate that the main factors effecting the crude oil removal are the treating temperature and treating amount of the oily sludge, and the suitable conditions found for using the prepared CLAs to remove the crude oil from oily sludge are as follows： the treating time of 20 min, treating temperature of 45 ℃, oily sludge treating amount of 0.6 g and the dilution ratio of the CLAs with water is 10;1 （V/V）. Under above suitable conditions, the remove ratio of the crude oil from the oily sludge can reach 99.65%. Besides, the mechanism of the oily sludge resources regeneration with CLAs was probed briefly by microscopic observation.