德国预防幼儿成瘾项目——没有玩具的幼儿园

Toy-free Kindergarten:a German Project to Prevent Addiction for Children and with Children

研究证明,预防成瘾是从幼儿时期开始的一个终身学习过程,幼儿的情感要求如果满足不当,容易引起幼儿对特定物品或行为方式的过度依赖而成瘾。为了预防幼儿成瘾,德国从1992年开始进行预防幼儿成瘾的“没有玩具的幼儿园”项目试验,目前已经在全德国推广。幼儿园与政府教育部门、幼儿园教师培养机构、咨询中心、家长合作,通过为期三个月的没有玩具的活动,在保持快乐的前提下给予幼儿充分的自由时间和空间去发展关系能力、自我信任感、语言能力、创造性解决问题能力等关键生活能力,得到教师和家长的一致认可。

Studies have demonstrated that addiction prevention is a life-long process of learning proceeding from childhood.Children tend to abandon themselves to certain objects or behaviors,which later turn out to be addiction,when their emotional needs are not properly satisfied.To prevent addiction,Toy-free Kindergarten,a project to prevent addiction for children and with children,was piloted in Germany in 1992 and has now been expanded nationwide.The three-month-long project,on the basis of happy experience without toys,gives the children full play to develop crucial living skills such as socialization,self-confidence,language competence and creativity to solve problems.In unison,teachers and parents are encouraged by the success from the close cooperation between the kindergarten,the kindergarten institution for teacher development,the school counseling center,the local government bodies of education and the parents as well.