家长气质及教养方式对幼儿自我效能感的影响研究

On the Influence of Parental Temperament and Modes of Parenting upon Children's Self-efficacy

本研究以38名大班幼儿及其家长为研究对象,采用问卷、访谈和情景测试等方法,探讨了幼儿自我效能感与家长气质及教养方式之间的关系。结果表明:(1)幼儿自我效能感的个体差异较大。(2)幼儿自我效能感不存在性别差异。(3)家长气质类型不同,其子女的自我效能感有显著差异。(4)家长教养方式中的“情感支持与理解”因子与幼儿自我效能感存在显著正相关“,拒绝与否认”因子与幼儿自我效能感呈显著负相关。(5)家长气质与教养方式的某些因子有显著相关,由此推论出家长的内在气质通过外显的教养方式体现,家长的教养方式对幼儿的自我效能感产生直接影响。

Based on questionnaires,interviews and context-specific tests carried out by a sample of 38 senior kindergarten students and their parents,the paper arrives at five conclusions regarding the relationship between children's self-efficacy and their parents'temperament and modes of parenting.(1)Huge individual-specific differences exist in children's self-efficacy.(2)No gender-specific differences have been observed so far.(3)Different types of parental temperament give rise to remarkable difference in children's self-efficacy.(4)A high positive correlation exists between the factor of“emotional support and understanding”in parenting and children's self-efficacy and a high negative correlation between parental“rejecting and denying”and children's self-efficacy.(5)Close correlation exists between parameters of parental temperament and modes of parenting,which implies that the visible parenting mode,an embodiment of the invisible parental temperament,exerts immediate influence upon children's self-efficacy.