生态位理论及其在城市竞争研究中的作用——以中原城市群为例

Niche Theory and Its Role in City Competitiveness——A Case of City Groups Located in Central China

城市生态位作为生态学重要理论之一,可用于分析城市群内部不同城市间竞争、演化等现象。以中原城市群9个省辖市为基本单元,运用生态位理论模型,进行多指标的综合加权和聚类分析,得出如下结论:(1)就中原城市群整体而言,城市生态位偏低且呈现明显的层次分异;(2)中原城市群城市生态位空间分异表现复杂。综合城市生态位、自然生态位及人口生态位空间分异并不明显,而经济生态位和社会生态位空间分异却十分显著,其中经济生态位最为显著;(3)中原城市群缺少4个子系统都具有优势特征的城市,只有郑州独具2项优势特征,但其自然生态位较低,自然生态位是郑州城市生态位的限制性因子。

Niche, as one of the most important theories of ecology, has the profound directive meaning in the study of human ecosystem, and preferably interprets the phenomenon such as competition, evolvement in different cities. niche theory was introduced into the studies on the development of different cities in this paper, the rules of niche pattern chance of different cities of city groups located in central China were discussed. The results showed that: (1) Urban niche appeard obviously layered difference in the city groups. The niche of each city in the city groups was on the weak side generally, there were few cities which niche was strong, and there were many cities with relative weaker niche.So,it was remarkable that the urban niche among the regions produced a polarization; (2)At present, the level and the spatial difference of urban niche of the city groups was very complicated; (3)There was not a city which possessed predominance in all the four subsystems. Zhengzhou possessed only predominance in the two subsystems-economic and social niches. Its natural and population niches were lower,especially netural niche which was a restrictive factor to Zhengzhou urban niche.