考试公平与区域公平的论争及其实质——一个教育公正视角的分析

The Arguments and Its Essence about Examination Equity and Regional Equity——in view of educational justice

随着高等教育规模的扩大和高考竞争的加剧,“倾斜的高考分数线”渐趋显露。对此,考试公平论者认为应该实行统一考试、统一录取的制度;而区域公平论者则认为应兼顾省区之间入学机会的大致均衡。其实,两者分别代表了不同的公正观,考试公平代表了个体主义的公正观;区域公平则代表了社群主义的公正观。考试公平与区域公平的争论,既是不同地域集团竞争教育资源的利益纷争,也是不同公正理论对分配入学机会的价值分歧;既是因人们理性自觉水平的提高而产生的更高水平的公正性期待,也反映了依凭有限理性建构的录取制度滞后于改革实践的客观存在。

The favored grade line of the entrance examination to college gradually apppears with the expansion of higher education scale and the severe competition of the entrance examines to college.Those who support examination equity think that we should carry out universal examination and recruitment.However,those who support regional equity consider that we should take into account the rough average of the eentrance to HE among provinces.In fact,examination equity stands for individual justice while regions equity stands for collective justice.The arguments about the equity of examinations and regions are not only the struggle for and the control of educational resources among provinces,but also the divergence of values about distributing the entrance to HE between individual justice and collective justice.Besides,the arguments are the higher expectation of justice due to the increase of people's rational consciousness,which also show that the recruitment system based on limited ration lags behind the reform and the practice.