构建“三位一体”的农村土地制度

Constructing "Trinity Rural Land System"

建国后农村土地所有权制度变迁可分为土地改革时期、社会主义改造时期、人民公社化时期、家庭联产承包责任制时期四个阶段。当前,"集体所有、农户承包"的农村土地制度在所有权上存在主体模糊、内容抽象、绩效低下、处于强势等缺陷,造成所有权对经营承包权的干预。因此,在物权化经营承包权的基础上,一方面要弱化所有权,实行农村土地国家所有,逐步恢复土地生产要素性质,虚化所有权的经济收益;另一方面要强化监督权,明确规定所有权主体的权利边界,设立土地法庭,培育农民利益集团,构筑所有权、监督权、经营承包权"三权分立"、三位一体的农村土地制度。

Since the foundation of New China,the transition of rural landownership system can be divided into four stages:land reform,socialist transformation,organization of people's communes and household contract responsibility system with remuneration linked to output.Nowadays,the land system of'collective ownership,farm household contracting'has many defects,such as unclear subject,abstract contents,low efficiency and strong position,resulting in interference of ownership in management contract right system.Therefore,based on the real right management contract,on the one hand,we should weaken the ownership,make rural land nationalized,reestablish gradually factor of production of land,and soften the economic benefits of ownership;on the other hand,we should also strengthen the right of supervision. clarify the right of subject of ownership,establish land court and interest group of peasants,and construct a rural land system of trinity and'separation of powers'of ownership,supervision right and management contract right.