前科举时期考试的演进与贡献

The Evolution and the Contribution of Examinations during the Period Prior to Imperial Examination

在科举建制前,中国的考试经历了一个漫长的求索和发展过程。本文试图在考察前科举时期考试历史的基础上,客观地阐述这一时期考试的贡献及对后世科举的影响。先秦考试在开辟考试新观念和在奠定公平理念的思想基础等方面具有独特的贡献。汉代开始采行的笔试,成为考试历史上的一次重大飞跃,汉代形成和完善的察举制更可直接视为科举之前身。随着人类社会越来越走向有序与公平,考试将具有长久存在的社会基础。

Before the establishment of imperial examination, China's examinations had experienced a very long period of exploration and development. Based on the investigation of the examination history during the period prior to imperial examination, the paper explains the contribution of examinations at that time and its influence on the later imperial examination objectively. The examination before Qing dynasty made a unique contribution to pioneering new ideas of examinations and laying the foundation of equal notion. The beginning of written examinations during Han dynasty has been a great leap in the history of examinations, and the recommendation system built and improved in Han dynasty can be regarded no doubt as the mold of imperial examination.