海南石灰岩植被与生物多样性保护与管理

Conservation and Management of Hainan's Limestone Vegetation and Biodiversity

海南岛石灰岩分布少,只占全岛陆地面积的3.5%,其中发育出典型喀斯特植被生境的主要分布在昌化江流域的俄贤岭、猴猕岭等地区,及本岛南部保亭、三亚与五指山交界的马嘴岭、毛感等地区。以上地区的石灰岩植被保存相对完整,部分地区还分布有原始热带雨林,其余基本为热带次生天然林。过去由于没有专门深入地了解其重要性,海南石灰岩森林多年来一直被忽略。但近几年研究显示这种独特的生境孕育了丰富的生物多样性,包括一些石灰岩生境特有物种。海南为中国唯一的热带省份,保护海南石灰岩生境与生物多样性因此有非常重要的保育意义;文中初步介绍了海南石灰岩生境与生物多样性保育已开展的工作和取得的成绩,并提出了一些保护管理工作面临的问题和困难。

Hainan Island has limited limestone area making up only 3.5% of the total land area.The most developed karst landscapes are found at the Exianling and Houmiling areas along the Changhua River,as well as the Mazuiling and Maogan areas around the borders of Beoting,Sanya and Wuzhishan Counties.The abovementioned areas have preserved the best forests,including patches of primary tropical rainforest,whereas other areas have been degraded to become secondary forest.Limestone habitats were neglected in previous years,but recent research indicates this special ecosystem harbours a unique and rich biodiversity.Being the only tropical province in China, the conservation of Hainan's limestone habitat and its biodiversity has a significant value;I briefly introduce conservation actions that have been implemented and the management challenges we face.