轨道系统地下场站消防安全设计之探讨

A Study on Fire Safety Regulation of Railway Underground Stations

轨道运输系统地下场站之消防安全长久为岛内外所重视之公共安全,本文藉由探讨轨道运输系统地下场站之火灾特性与境况分析,分析地下场站可能火灾情景,并针对台湾现行轨道运输系统之消防安全设计适用「各类场所消防安全设备设置标准」实务问题,参酌美国国家防火协会NFPA 130 Standard for Fixed Guideway Transit and Passenger Rail Systems、欧盟UNECE隧道规章、日本地下铁相关标准等,提出建议与对策;另依据「各类场所消防安全设备设置标准」为基础,以铁路地下场站及隧道为主要对象,拟定「铁路隧道及地下场站防火避难设施及消防安全设备设置标准(规范)」条文草案。该草案已由灾害防救委员会所推行之「公共安全管理白皮书」执行项目进行列管,刻正进入立法程序,为台湾地区之轨道运输系统地下场站提供专用、适当之法规依循。

Nowadays, parts of the passenger platforms and tracks of Railway Transportation Systems have been relocated underground for making available land for development. But, the underground location of the rail facilities complicates the traffic mechanisms. Once the unexpected accidents occur, heavy casualties and damage will most likely be caused. However, there is no specific fire safety regulation or code for fixed guideway transit and passenger rail tunnels and underground stations in Taiwan. It usually confuses designers and managers in their running the cases. In order to solve this problem, this study will base on the existed fire safety regulations in Taiwan and refer to the related codes from U.S.A, Europe and Japan. Through comparison and discussions within survey results, one of the conclusions of this research will be 'Draft of the Fire Code for Fixed guideway transit and passenger rail Tunnels and Underground Stations'. The draft will provide the guideline for fixed guideway transit and passenger rail tunnels and underground stations in fire protection system design, maintenance, and modification.