雪山隧道火灾之紧急应变及防救策略分析

Emergency and Rescue Strategies Analysis for Hsuehshan Tunnel Fire

公路隧道属半封闭性环境,一旦隧道内发生严重灾害,无论内部人员避难或外部救灾人员进入抢救均十分困难,故在隧道设计之初,即应审慎规划各项防灾设施,考虑用路人行为特征,并进行隧道事故风险管控,以降低灾害事故发生机率,确保用路人生命安全。将藉由文献探讨,检视雪山隧道发生火灾事故时,不同车辆事故可能引发之火势规模、用路人避难行为特性等。藉由对长公路隧道事故特性与用路人可避难时间分析,提出紧急应变管理策略,以提升用路人于公路隧道之行车安全性。

Due to the limited open space in highway tunnel, it will become a serious challenge for both emergency rescue and safety shelter as a major accident would happen. For this main concern, the configurations, plans and risk management should cover the characteristics of road occupants' behavior at the primary design to mitigate the possible damage. This article, focusing on the tunnel fire, would discuss the situation and the time limit for evacuation, moreover, the impact of fire that could happen in Snow Mountain Tunnel. People should get more basic understanding about the correct emergency behavior they might face when driving through a long tunnel, and enhance self-rescue ability by education and dissemination to decrease losses in life.