黄土高原退耕还林(草)区的鼠害治理问题

Rodent pest issues in returning to forest and grassland region of China loess plateau

综述了黄土高原退耕还林(草)过程中鼠害问题及防治现状.退耕(牧)还林(草)对黄土高原地区的生态建设与可持续发展意义重大,鼠害始终是困扰黄土高原植被建设的重要问题,截至2004年底,西部12个省(区)的鼠害实际发生面积已达264.3×104hm2,地处黄土高原的陕西、甘肃、宁夏、青海、山西、内蒙古为最严重的省(区);环境变化、人类活动的压力、鼠类的天敌减少以及退耕还林(草)中缺少科学观念,仓促实施是鼠害发生的主要原因;鼠害对植被建设、经济发展、生态环境以及公共卫生安全影响巨大,但在治理方法上尚没有取得突破性的进展;本文对黄土高原鼠害治理现状和存在问题进行了分析,提出建议:(1)退耕还林(草)在总体规划中应纳入包括鼠害防治在内的林、草管护措施;(2)加大防治资金投入;(3)加强科学研究;(4)健全预测预报体系.

The article summarized and analyzed the rodent pest issues and present situation in China loess plateau in course of 'returning to forest and grassland'. The plant construction was perplexed constantly by rodent pest issue in the loess plateau. 'Returning to forest and grassland' is a great significance to promote sustainable ecological construction and development. By the end of September 2004, Rodent pest occurred in 12 provinces of the western region and the occurrence area came to 672. 2×104 hm2. The most serious damage area of rodents was in Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shanxi and Inner Mongolia of the loess plateau. And it was the important cause of leading to the rodent' outbreak that ecology environment vicissitude, human active, a decrease in the quantity of natural enemy and the hurriedly implement without science idea in the work of 'returning to forest and grassland'. The rodent pest causes serious damage to local vegetation construction and ecological environment. Besides, it hinders economy development and threatens to public sanitation security. So the management strategy is suggested as followed: (1) to place rodent pest controlled management and protective forest measurement on overall plan of 'returning to forest and grassland'. (2) to increase financial investments (3) to strength scientific research (4) to establish the pests monitoring and warning system must be established soon.