嘉峪关市瞬时热力场空间格局的遥感分析

Analysis on Instantaneous Spatial Pattern of Thermal Force Field in Jiayuguan City

利用1990年Landsat TM和2000年ETM+热红外遥感数据、土地利用专题图件、气象资料反演了干旱生态脆弱并快速城市化的典型地区嘉峪关市的地表温度,对嘉峪关市的瞬时热力场空间格局及其变化进行了多角度分析。结果表明:嘉峪关市城区地温明显高于周边郊区,形成独立的"热岛;"下垫面性质对于区域温度有直接的影响,下垫面的地温分布表现出与地面覆盖类型很强的相关性;未利用地对嘉峪关市热效应的贡献度最大;所有土地利用/覆盖类型的地表温度与植被指数之间均存在明显的负相关,负相关程度最高的是耕地;分区地温差异较大,城区热岛效应明显。最后,提出了加大水利工程建设力度、提高植被覆盖率和加强生态环境建设等缓解区域热岛效应的建议。

As a typical city of arid ecological vulnerable region and rapid urbanization,the land surface temperature of Jiayuguan City was retrieved through interpretation of Landsat TM6/ETM6 in 1990 and 2000 combined with land use map and meteorological data.The status and the change of spatial pattern of thermal force field in Jiayuguan were analyzed with RS and GIS techniques.The results showed that the land surface temperature in Jiayuguan urban districts was distinctly higher than that in their surrounding suburbs,it formed an independent 'Heat Island' and the distribution of land cover affected directly the upper ground temperature,and the thermal contribution of unused land to regional thermal environment was the greatest one.The research also showed that land surface temperature possessed a slightly stronger negative correlation with the NDVI for all land cover types.There was an obvious regional difference of land surface temperature in Jiayuguan,and the urban heat island effect in Jiayuguan urban area was also very obvious.Some advice to tackle the problem of heat island effect were discussed.