《红楼梦》人物非真实性话语语用分析

Pragmatic Analysis of Deceptions in A Dream of Red Mansions

非真实性话语或"说假"(deception,简称DEC)作为言语行为的语用策略受到许多研究者的关注。本文通过对这些研究的回顾和总结,指出其成绩和不足之后,试用Verschueren的顺应理论和钱冠连的"三带一"理论分析《红楼梦》人物在言语行为中选择使用DEC的情况。分析得出,非真实性话语作为一种语用策略是它们与语言使用者的心理世界、社交世界和物理世界相互顺应的结果,是人文网络对语言使用者干涉的结果,有时又是语言美学的体现。

Deception (DEC), as a pragmatic strategy of speech acts, has attracted great attention of many scholars. After reviewing the past research from the above viewpoints and pointing out their achievements and limitations, this author attempts to apply Verschueren's adaptation theory and Qian Guanlian's '3 with 1' theory to DEC as a pragmatic strategy of communication. The author, based on these two theories, analyses deceptions in A Dream of Red Mansions and finds that DECs are actually the outcomes of linguistic choices interadaptable with language users' mental world, social world and physical world, the outcomes of interference of humanistic network; the manifestation of the speaker's personality and of linguistical aesthetics.