高温条件下空气湿度对番茄幼苗生长及开花座果的影响

The Effect of Different Air Humidity Under High Temperature on Tomato Plant Growth and Fruit Set

夏季高温干旱是我国北方温室番茄生产的重要限制因子。本项研究以番茄“东圣一号”为试材，研究高温下不同空气湿度对番茄植株生长势、花器育性及座果率等的影响。番茄幼苗在35℃高温条件下经过低湿L（30%-35%）、中湿M（55%-60%）、高湿H（85%-90%）三种空气湿度处理，结果表明：在花芽分化完成至现蕾阶段受高温影响较大，30%-35%的湿度下，其花粉总量只有所测到最高花粉量的不到30%，花粉萌发率仅为16%，花粉管长度只有17.5μm，此期提高空气湿度到85%-90%，能使花粉量增加0.6倍，花粉萌发率达到50%，花粉管长度达到100μm以上。提高空气湿度还有利于番茄幼苗生长，表现为植株生长量增加，叶面积增大，干物质积累增加，座果率也显著提高。

High temperature and drought in summer are limiting factors of greenhouse tomato production in North China. Present experiment was mainly concentrated on the effects of different humidity on tomato growth, floral organ fertility and fruit setting under high temperature. Dongsheng No. 1 was taken as the plant materials. The seedlings were treated with low （30%-35%）, medium （55%-60%） and high （85%-90%） relative humidity （RH） under high temperature of 35 ℃ at different stages. Results showed that high temperature had significantly influence on the stage during flower differentiation to flower bud emergence. In this period the total amount of pollen were only 30% of the highest amount of pollen measured in the experiment under 30%-35% RH. The germination rate of pollen was only 16%, and the length of pollen tube was only 17.5μm. However, with the increase of RH to 85%-90% , the amount of pollen could be increased by 60%, the germination rate of pollen could be attained 50%, and the length of pollen tube were up to 100 μm. Raising relative humidity was favorable to plant growth under high temperature. High humid ity could increase plant biomass, leaf area and increase fruit setting.