法律移植的理论与实践

Theory and Practice on the Law Transplant

近代以来,许多亚洲国家伴随着宗主国或占领国的殖民统治而进行了大量的法律移植;中国从晚清到民国政府,也对西方法律进行了大量的主动移植,使传统法律实现了现代意义的转变。历史表明,规则的稀缺和社会政治经济发展对规则的强烈要求,使得中国的法制建设必然首先是改变“无法可依”的状态。在需要通过立法创造某些制度以实现政策目标时,法律移植是最有效的手段,成为创造法律秩序和促进社会进步的方式。然而,移植规则的深层含义在于移植文化,也即规则和制度的移植必须要有文化的支持,否则,法律移植很可能仅仅是立法者的游戏。

In modern times,many law transplants resulted from colonial ruling by suzerain or occupation powers in Asian countries.From late Qing Dynasty to Republic of China,lots of western laws had been actively transplanted in China accounting for the transformation from the traditional legal system to the modernization.History tells that the lack of rules and the strong desires for rules by social political and economic development requests that the problem of no laws being resorted to should be solved first in establishing the legal system in China.Therefore,the law transplant is the most effective approach to attain the political objectives of rules creation through legislation as well as to create legal order and promote social progress.Nevertheless,the deep understanding of rules transplant lies in transplanting cultures which acts as an indispensable support,or else,the law transplant will be probably the legislator's game.