善优先于权利——社群主义权利观评析

社群主义权利观是在批判自由主义个人权利至上观点的基础上建立起来的。它反对自然权利,主张法律权利;主张积极权利优位于消极权利;主张社群权利优位于个人权利;并提倡"善优先于权利"。但它不反对个人自由,也不主张取消个人权利,而是为个人权利划定适当的界,并为个性的形成与存在寻找历史和社会的基础。这种以社群为本的权利观念奠立在反对自然权利基础之上,充分回应了西方社会的现实需要,是现代权利理论的新发展,并对近代西方社会产生了重大影响。

The communitarianism view of rights is established on the basis of criticizing liberalism view of individualism priority.This view of rights argues for legal rights and active rights while against natural rights and passive rights.The communitarianiam view of rights is superior to individualism rights and advocates 'virtue prior to rights'.However,it does not object individual freedom,and neither claims to cancel individual rights but to specify appropriate limits for individual rights,seeking for historic and social basis for the evolution and existence of individualism.Such communitarianism-oriented view of rights,based on opposing natural rights,undertakes a sufficient response to the practical needs of the western society,acts as a new development of modern rights theory and has major impact on the modern western society.