清末宪政改革中的地方自治——以《清末筹备立宪档案史料》为中心的考察

早在“百日维新”前夕,朝廷官员袁世凯就提出了异于康梁的、自地方变起的改革思路。1901年后,袁氏利用自己的影响力和权力资源,在天津推动地方自治改革,颇有成效。终于,以预备立宪为契机,地方自治改革得以在全国推行。本文试图以《清末筹备立宪档案史料》为基本依据,展现士大夫观念之先进(他们对立宪与地方自治之认知程度可能远远超过我们的想象),以及在中央权威弱化的背景下推行地方自治政策之困局。

Prior to the eve of the “Hundred Days Reform” , Yuan Shikai, an official of the Imperial Court, put forward ideas of upward reform originating from the localities different from what Kang and Liang had proposed. After the year 1901, Yuan took advantage of his influences and power resources and initiated local autonomy and reform in Tianjin with considerable achievement. Finally, on the occasion of the preparation for constitutionalization, local autonomy and reform was carried out throughout the country. This article undertakes to elaborate on the advanced conceptions on the part of the scholar-officials on the basis of the Historical Data from the Preparation for Constitutionalization by the End of the Qing Dynasty (their understanding of constitutionalization and local autonomy could have been far beyond our imagination) and difficulties of promoting policies for local autonomy against the background of a weak central authority.