新公共管理的知识基础及其局限——兼论公共行政学的发展趋势

The New Public Management:Its Intellectual Bases and Limitations Also on the Trend of Public Administration

新公共管理的知识基础主要包括公共选择理论、新制度经济学、管理理论与实践、新自由主义/新保守主义思潮、实用主义哲学和目的论社团思想等。作为一场公共部门的改革运动,新公共管理为公共行政注入了新的活力,但是无论从知识基础、实践和社会效果来看,新公共管理都存在局限性。任何一种公共行政,要想获得持久的合法性,都必须解决效率与民主(回应性)的问题,尽量达成二者之间的平衡。新公共管理要想走得更远,必须协调它在基本假设上存在的矛盾,必须重视和解决民主、公民权和政治回应性等问题,重视并在制度安排上培养和发挥"社会资本"的作用。

The intellectual bases of the new public management mainly in- clude such theories or thoughts as public choice theory,new institutional eco- nomics,management theory and practice,new liberalism/new conservatism, pragmatism philosophy and the idea of the state as a purposive association, and so on.As a reinvention movement of public sector,the new public man- agement enriches the public administration but it also has limitations no matter in intellectual base,practice or in its social effect.Any paradigm of public ad- ministration must solve the issue between efficiency and democracy and attain their balance if it tries to get insistent legitimacy.If it wants to go farer,the new public management must coordinate the conflicts among its basic assump- tions,think highly of and solve such issues as democracy,civil right and polit- ical responsiveness,think highly of,foster social capital and exert its effect from institutional design.