摘要
研究考察愿望在3-4岁儿童信念理解中的作用。采用两个得到不同结果的错误信念任务变式,即Cassidy(1998)和Ziv等(2003)使用的任务,在被试和实验条件相同的情况下对结果进行比较。结果发现,两个任务得分没有差异,即愿望性对3-4岁儿童错误信念任务得分没有影响,将经典错误信念任务中的愿望性加以控制没有提高3岁儿童的表现。但是,与Ziv(2003)范式中被试处于机率水平的通过率不同,Cassidy(1998)的范式通过率低于机率水平,结合以往研究结果分析,愿望对信念理解的影响可能会出现在处于错误信念理解的最近发展区的个体身上。
The current study focused on the influence of desire on 3- to 4-year-olds'belief understanding. Children's scores from two tasks used by Cassidy (1998) and Ziv et al. (2003) which had separately led to different results were compared in same experimental condition and subjects. Results showed no difference between scores in the two tasks. There had no influence of desirability on 3-to 4-year-olds' false belief understanding, and controlling the desirability of classical false belief task couldn't improve 3-year-old children's performance. But different from the task from Ziv et al (2003) in which children answered the questions randomly, the rate of children who passed the task used by Cassidy (1998)was below random level. This result made it possible that the influence of desire on belief understanding might appear in children who were in false belief understanding's zone of proximal development.
