湖南省农村实施欧盟生态旱厕项目健康教育效果分析

Effect Evaluation on Health Education in European Council Ecological Toilet Project within a rural area in Hunan Province

目的在农村中推广应用生态旱厕、粪便无害化处理与卫生行为干预相结合的模式。方法在项目实施之初,采用随机抽样方法对项目地区进行基线调查;然后,在项目实施的同时,开展知识传播、技能培训、行为干预等一系列健康教育活动。结果项目实施后,调查对象中使用生态旱厕已经达到68.4%,厕所设有洗手设施、家庭设有专用洗澡间、使用安全自来水三项指标分别达到66.8%、51.4%、56.9%;饭前便后洗手、食物隔离、不吸烟、不乱倒生活污水、不乱扔生活垃圾等健康行为形成率分别达到82.7%、83.9%、43.4%、86.0%和66.0%;农村居民及小孩腹泻患病率分别下降到3.0%和3.4%。结论欧盟生态旱厕项目的实施,促进了农村环境卫生面貌的改观和村民健康行为的形成,降低了与粪水相关疾病的患病率,探索了一套在国际卫生项目中开展健康教育工作的模式。

Objective To popularize the combination mode with ecological toilet, innoxiously night soil disposal and healthy behavior intervention in rural areas. Methods At the beginning of the project, baseline investigation was carried out by random sampling in trial area. While the project was implemented, a series of health education activities were conducted, including knowledge communication, technique training and behavior intervention etc. Results There were 68.4% targets using the ecological toilet and 66.8% owned lavabo, 51.4% set washing-hand bathroom in family and 56.9% attained safety water supply. Healthy behavior rates of washing hands before and after meals, placing food healthily, no smoking, no sewage and no littering were 82.7%, 83.9%, 43.4%, 86.0% and 66.0%. The prevalence of diarrhea among farmers and their children decreased to 3.0% and 3.4%. Conclusion European Council Ecological Toilet Project improved the environmental health in a rural area and healthy behavior among farmers, and also decreased the related diseases prevalence. It probed into a set of health education mode in international health project.