农村艾滋病病毒感染者/病人的个人和家庭卫生状况调查

Investigation of Personal and Family Hygienic Status among People with HIV/AIDS in Rural Areas

目的了解我省农村艾滋病病毒感染者/病人的个人和家庭卫生状况,以期开展针对性的健康教育活动,改善生活质量。方法采用定性调查和定量调查的方法,对艾滋病病毒感染者/病人进行现况调查。结果艾滋病病毒感染者/病人在饮食上以淀粉类食物为主,新鲜蔬菜和水果、豆制品、鸡蛋、肉类的摄入量少;有18.8%的人喝生水,男性喝生水的比例高于女性;家中没有餐具防蝇措施的比例为78.8%,饭前用开水烫筷的比例为14.8%,水源与牲畜栏距离大于10米的比例为19.6%,水源附近有家畜的比例为54.9%;垃圾固定堆放的比例为37.3%,院内有牲畜粪便的比例为40.0%;厕所以粪坑型为主(86.5%);厕所卫生状况差(95.7%),环境卫生状况差(67.9%)。结论农村艾滋病病毒感染者/病人在个人和家庭卫生方面存在着明显问题。应加强健康教育与健康促进工作,采取综合性措施改善感染者/病人的营养,减少机会性感染的发生,改善他们的健康状况和生命质量。

Objective To realize personal and family hygienic status among people with HIV/AIDS (PLHAs) in rural areas, in order to implement needed health education activities to improve the life quality of PLHAs. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among PLHAs, including qualitative study and quantitative study. Results It was found that PLHAs had bread and noodles as the main food, with little fresh vegetables, fruits and proteins. The proportion of participants drinking raw water was 18.8%, among which males were more likely to drink raw water than females. Many households did not have fly net for utensils (78.8%). Some used boiled water to disinfect utensils before meals (14.8%). 19.6% households had a well more than 10 meters away from livestock shed. Many households had livestock close to the well (54.9%), put rubbish into wasteyard (37.3%), and 40.0% had livestock wastes in the courtyard. The main toilet type was pits (86.5%). Many toilets (95.7%) and households (67.9%) were not clean. Conclusion The personal and family hygienic status should be improved among PLHAs in rural areas. Comprehensive measures will be taken to change knowledge, attitude and behaviors related to personal and family hygiene. Nutritional measures will also be taken to increase protein intake to improve PLHAs’ nutritional status.